Introduction:

Bangladesh, delta areas are found around the mouths of the Ganges, the Meghna and the Bramhaputra, which is melting snows of the Himalaya Moutains. One-third of Bangladesh’s physical space is compromised of water. Water is the central reality of Bangladesh.

By the natural process of river’s sediments are accumulating at the river sight confluence with the ocean that in turn contributes is developing silted islet and small delta began to form. The continuous build up of sediments are constructed a big land.

The river continuously changes its courses that shaped the structure of delta. So, many kind cities are constructed by the delta. Bengal is also form by the delta in this way. After that peasant came in that delta and cultivate the land. Because that kind of land are good for harvest and after that they began to start to live there and in slowly create a new culture and civilization.
     
Geographically Bengal classified into three zones like Badha, Beel and Boro Puub, which are the delta of three main rivers Padma, meghna and Jamuna.

Islam , culture and civilization in Bengal are significantly influenced by the delta formation:

Now I will discuss gradually how the Islam, culture and civilization in Bengal are significantly  influence by the delta formation.

Islam influence by  the Delta formation:
Islam means that the path of peace. Islam first came in Bengal by the Arabians Turkish Parsian. When the Arabians came in Bengal for trade by the rivers, they influence Bengal’s people to receive Islam. A Turkis General Bakhtiyar Khalji came to Bengal in 1204 only with 17 soldiers. In that time Laxman Sen was the powerful king. After beating the Laxman Sen, Bakthiyar established Muslim Sultanate in Bengal.

The country, which is form by the delta generally, is poor. That’s why when Sufi saints came by the river build up many kinds of institutions like madrasa , khankas . They convince people to go to the madrasa and said that if they became muslim they have lot of power.

When sufis came, they use their languages, which are constructed with Islam origin. When many years past in this way these Islam origin languages are mixed with this counties language. As a example many many years before Bengal people didn’t use before working the word “Bismilla”. But after coming of Sufis, people of this region are starting to use this word.

Hindus have many castes system. They neglect the low-caste Hindu. In that time Muslim rulers like Arabians, Sufis etc. convince the Hindu to receive Islam because in Islam every one is equal.

At the southeast corner of Mahastan are occupied by a mazar of Shah Sultan Mahisawar and a mosque of the Mughal Emperor Farukh Siyar. This masque and mazar built up there to establish Islam.

Culture influence by the Delta formation:
Culture consists of the abstract values, beliefs perceptions of the world that lie behind behavior which is reflected this behavior. The members of the society share these and when acted upon, they produce behavior considered acceptable within that society.

In Bangladeshi women wore “sarees” and wore the “chakra” (blouse) on top. Men wear a sarong like “dhuti” called by the Hindu and “lungi” by the Muslims. When people working in the field , they use dhuti and lungi. But when the foreigners came in Bengal men wear loose-fitting pantswith long-sleeved shirts.

Our media is also influence by the delta. When our country channel BTV starts its program ,they start with a music :
  
         “Amaro deshero mateero gandha bhore othe sara maan”

This lyric means that our country’s land is so glorious, which is constructed by the river’s sediments are delta.

Our political party also influence by the delta formation. They uses “nauka”(boat), “Dhaner shish”(paddy),”Langal” ( plough  ) as their party’s symbol which are closely related with the delta formation. Peasant uses Langal to cultivate the land and also produce Dhan(paddy) in that land which is constructed by the sediments of river. Nauka(Boat) is the main transport in Bengal mainly in the rural areas.

In the liberation year, the people of Bengal never forgot the influence of river. Because in that time they wrote slogan like:
                
                                            “Padma Meghna Jamuna
                                              Tomar amar thikana.” 

If we analysis these two lines, we can say that our culture is form by the river.

Bengali bards wrote many literatures, many songs like Rabindra, Nazrul, Baul songs etc. The national anthem ,lyrics by Rabindranath Tagore and on a melody by Lalan Shah. The national anthem   

                               “Amar sonar bangla aami tomay bhalobashi”

The word “sonar bangla” means that land of Bangladesh which is form by the sediments of the rivers.
The popular song like

                 “aye padma aye meghna aye jamuna suro maloti  totey”

  the another popular song is

                                  “aye culay aami aar oye culae tumi
                                  majkhane nodi oye boye choay jay”

from these lyrics we can say that songs is influence by the delta formation. Because the Bengal’s writers also influenced by the river and wrote these kinds of lyrics.

“Nabanna” utsab the another cultural sight of Bengal. Nabanna means the utsab of to eat “Pitha”. The “Caal” makes “Pitha” and “Caal” is form of Paddy and Paddy is cultivate in that land which is the form of delta.

The flag of Bangladesh is combined with three colors Green, Red and Yellow. Red stands for the warmth-giving sun, Green stands for the fertile-fields and Yellow stands for the ripe harvest of rice. These fertile lands are form with rivers sediments which is known as delta.

Civilization influence by the Delta formation:
Civilization based on culture. Civilization is always urban. When a culture established in that place makes a new civilization.

The word “Vanga” comes from the Tibetan word “Bans or Ban” which means marshy land or wet land. Cino-Tibetan language Bang is related with name of rivers. Banga joined with Ail that involved into Bengal which was called by the English. The peasant used Ail to control the Joar and Bhata. When Joar come with a lot of sediments in every year and create land. This land is fertile for production. After that man started to live there.

Mahastan is 13 km north of Bogra town and on the eastern side flowed the river Karotoya. By the sediments of Karotoya , Mahastan was form. There was mazar and mosque where people went for pray.

Lalmai Mainamoti  is 17.5 km from the Mainamoti village on the Gumti river in the north. It is an important Buddhist viharas (Salban Vihara, Ananda Vihara etc.). The Gumti river sediments created Mainamoti.
Paharpur was also Buddist kingdom. Paharpur was side of a river. By the sediments of  a river made the Paharpur.

The sediments of rivers build up many cities and town. Many cities have suffix nagar or pur like Farudpur, Rangpur, Krisnanagar etc. some start with suffix ganj means storehouse like Narayanganj, Sirajganj, Gopalganj etc. some another cities have suffix like bazar and hat like Kashembazar, Bagerhat, Lalmonirhat etc. Bazar means market hat means rural market. As these cities situated by the side of the river so these cities were gifts of delta.

When people came by the river for trade in these cities was started to develop makes a new civilization.

Narayanganj, here once upon a time many Hindus were worship a God “Narayan”. This place was by the of the Shitolakhma river. Many people stared to come here for worship by the river, it made a new civilization which place was form by the delta.

 When the western people came in this Bengal we are started to use watch, various kinds of “pants” like jeans and women use variety of dresses. In  this time we use this in that way that this our civilization.

Conclusion:

Bengal is a formation of Delta. To establish Islam and make Culture and civilization in Bengal rivers play a significant role. This river is carried a lot of sediments to make the Delta.